CHỦ ĐIỂM 8 – COMPARISONS (SO SÁNH)

A. LÝ THUYẾT

Dùng để so sánh người, vật, hoặc hành động về tính chất, mức độ, hay số lượng. Có 3 dạng chính: So sánh bằng (Equal), So sánh hơn (Comparative), So sánh nhất (Superlative).

1) So sánh bằng (as … as)

Dạng Cấu trúc Ví dụ
Khẳng định S + be + as + adj + as + N/pronoun
S + V + as + adv + as		 She is as tall as her brother.
He runs as fast as me.
Phủ định S + be + not as/so + adj + as This book is not as interesting as that one.

2) So sánh hơn (Comparative)

Dạng Cấu trúc Ví dụ
Tính từ ngắn S + be + adj-er + than + N/pronoun She is taller than me.
Trạng từ / Tính từ dài S + V + more + adv + than
hoặc S + be + more + adj + than		 He works more carefully than before.
This book is more interesting than that one.

3) So sánh nhất (Superlative)

Dạng Cấu trúc Ví dụ
Tính từ ngắn S + be + the + adj-est + N/pronoun He is the tallest student in the class.
Tính từ dài S + be + the most + adj (+ N/pronoun) This is the most beautiful flower.

💡 Ghi nhớ nhanh

  • adj-er dùng cho tính từ ngắn (tall → taller); more + adj cho tính từ dài (expensive → more expensive).
  • So sánh nhất: the + adj-est (short adj) / the most + adj (long adj).
  • Một số bất quy tắc: good → better → the best; bad → worse → the worst; far → farther/further → the farthest/furthest.

🔸 Quy tắc thêm đuôi so sánh -er / -est

Loại tính từ Quy tắc (Comparative / Superlative) Ví dụ
Tính từ ngắn (1 âm tiết) + -er / + -est tall → taller → the tallest
cold → colder → the coldest
Kết thúc bằng -e + -r / + -st large → larger → the largest
nice → nicer → the nicest
Phụ âm + y ở cuối đổi y → i + -er / -est (-ier/-iest) happy → happier → the happiest
busy → busier → the busiest
Một âm tiết, kết thúc C + V + C gấp đôi phụ âm cuối + -er / -est big → bigger → the biggest
hot → hotter → the hottest
Tính từ 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng -y đổi y → i + -er / -est easy → easier → the easiest
noisy → noisier → the noisiest
Một số tính từ 2 âm tiết dễ nhận (
-le, -ow, -er)		 thường dùng -er / -est (chấp nhận more/the most trong một số trường hợp) simple → simpler → the simplest
narrow → narrower → the narrowest
clever → cleverer → the cleverest
Tính từ dài (≥ 2 âm tiết, không kết thúc bằng -y) dùng more + adj / the most + adj beautiful → more beautiful → the most beautiful

💡 Lưu ý & bất quy tắc phổ biến

  • good → better → the best; bad → worse → the worst; far → farther/further → the farthest/furthest.
  • Một số tính từ 2 âm tiết có thể dùng cả hai cách: cleverer / more clever, quietest / the most quiet (tùy văn phong).
  • Luôn thêm the trước dạng so sánh nhất: the biggest, the most interesting.

B. VÍ DỤ SONG NGỮ

  • My house is bigger than yours. (My house is bigger than yours.)
  • This book is more interesting than that one. (This book is more interesting than that one.)
  • Today is colder than yesterday. (Today is colder than yesterday.)
  • She is taller than her sister. (She is taller than her sister.)
  • This car is faster than that one. (This car is faster than that one.)
  • My phone is more expensive than his. (My phone is more expensive than his.)
  • This movie is better than the last one. (This movie is better than the last one.)
  • English is easier than French. (English is easier than French.)
  • I'm happier today. (I'm happier today.)
  • He is more famous than his brother. (He is more famous than his brother.)
  • This test is harder than the last one. (This test is harder than the last one.)
  • This chair is more comfortable than that chair. (This chair is more comfortable than that chair.)
  • My room is cleaner than yours. (My room is cleaner than yours.)
  • This street is busier than that one. (This street is busier than that one.)
  • She is as tall as her brother. (She is as tall as her brother.)
  • This cake is as sweet as chocolate. (This cake is as sweet as chocolate.)
  • He is as kind as his father. (He is as kind as his father.)
  • My bag is as heavy as yours. (My bag is as heavy as yours.)
  • This shop is as cheap as that one. (This shop is as cheap as that one.)
  • It's not as cold as yesterday. (It's not as cold as yesterday.)
  • Mount Everest is the highest mountain. (Mount Everest is the highest mountain.)
  • This is the most beautiful beach. (This is the most beautiful beach.)
  • He is the best student in my class. (He is the best student in my class.)
  • That was the worst day of my life. (That was the worst day of my life.)
  • This is the biggest city in Vietnam. (This is the biggest city in Vietnam.)
  • She is the most intelligent girl I know. (She is the most intelligent girl I know.)
  • Today is the hottest day of the week. (Today is the hottest day of the week.)
  • My car is newer than yours. (My car is newer than yours.)
  • This exam is easier than the last one. (This exam is easier than the last one.)
  • He runs faster than me. (He runs faster than me.)

C. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

1. SẮP XẾP CHỮ ĐÚNG THỨ TỰ

  • 1/    house / My / is / yours. / bigger / than /

  • 2/    interesting / more / than / This / book / that / one. / is /

  • 3/    than / colder / yesterday. / is / Today /

  • 4/    taller / than / her / is / sister. / She /

  • 5/    This / car / that / is / faster / than / one. /

  • 6/    expensive / My / phone / more / than / his. / is /

  • 7/    one. / This / the / is / movie / better / than / last /

  • 8/    easier / French. / than / is / English /

  • 9/    today. / I'm / happier /

  • 10/    brother. / is / his / He / famous / than / more /

2. DỊCH SANG TIẾNG VIỆT

  • 1/ This test is harder than the last one.

  • 2/ This chair is more comfortable than that chair.

  • 3/ My room is cleaner than yours.

  • 4/ This street is busier than that one.

  • 5/ She is as tall as her brother.

  • 6/ This cake is as sweet as chocolate.

  • 7/ He is as kind as his father.

  • 8/ My bag is as heavy as yours.

  • 9/ This shop is as cheap as that one.

  • 10/ It's not as cold as yesterday.

3. DỊCH SANG TIẾNG ANH

  • 1/ Mount Everest is the highest mountain.


  • 2/ This is the most beautiful beach.


  • 3/ He is the best student in my class.


  • 4/ That was the worst day of my life.


  • 5/ This is the biggest city in Vietnam.


  • 6/ She is the most intelligent girl I know.


  • 7/ Today is the hottest day of the week.


  • 8/ My car is newer than yours.


  • 9/ This exam is easier than the last one.


  • 10/ He runs faster than me.


D. BÀI TẬP KIỂM TRA

  • 1/ This book is ______ than that one. (Cuốn sách này thú vị hơn cuốn kia.)

        a) the most interesting      b) more interesting      c) interesting      d) most interesting      

  • 2/ My house is ______ than yours. (Nhà tôi rộng hơn nhà bạn.)

        a) most big      b) the biggest      c) big      d) bigger      

  • 3/ Today is ______ than yesterday. (Hôm nay nóng hơn hôm qua.)

        a) hotter      b) hot      c) the hottest      d) most hot      

  • 4/ This movie is ______ than the last one. (Phim này hấp dẫn hơn phim trước.)

        a) exciting      b) most exciting      c) more exciting      d) the most exciting      

  • 5/ Tom is ______ than Peter. (Tom cao hơn Peter.)

        a) more tall      b) taller      c) the tallest      d) tall      

  • 6/ My bag is ______ than your bag. (Túi của tôi nặng hơn túi của bạn.)

        a) heavy      b) heavier      c) the heaviest      d) more heavy      

  • 7/ This car is ______ than that car. (Chiếc xe này nhanh hơn chiếc xe kia.)

        a) fast      b) most fast      c) faster      d) the fastest      

  • 8/ Her hair is ______ than mine. (Tóc cô ấy dài hơn tóc tôi.)

        a) more long      b) longer      c) long      d) the longest      

  • 9/ Your handwriting is ______ than before. (Chữ viết của bạn đẹp hơn trước.)

        a) best      b) good      c) the best      d) better      

  • 10/ My city is ______ than his city. (Thành phố của tôi sạch hơn thành phố của anh ấy.)

        a) clean      b) more clean      c) the cleanest      d) cleaner      

  • 11/ The blue shirt is ______ than the red one. (Chiếc áo xanh rẻ hơn chiếc áo đỏ.)

        a) cheaper      b) the cheapest      c) most cheap      d) cheap      

  • 12/ Summer is ______ than winter. (Mùa hè nóng hơn mùa đông.)

        a) most hot      b) hot      c) hotter      d) hottest      

  • 13/ She runs ______ than her brother. (Cô ấy chạy nhanh hơn anh trai mình.)

        a) more fast      b) the fastest      c) faster      d) fast      

  • 14/ This test is ______ than the previous one. (Bài kiểm tra này dễ hơn bài trước.)

        a) most easy      b) the easiest      c) easy      d) easier      

  • 15/ My new phone is ______ than my old one. (Điện thoại mới của tôi tốt hơn điện thoại cũ.)

        a) more good      b) best      c) good      d) better      

  • 16/ Jane is ______ than her sister. (Jane xinh đẹp hơn chị gái cô ấy.)

        a) more beautiful      b) beautiful      c) most beautiful      d) the most beautiful      

  • 17/ His car is ______ than mine. (Xe của anh ấy đắt hơn xe của tôi.)

        a) more expensive      b) expensive      c) most expensive      d) the most expensive      

  • 18/ This hotel is ______ than that one. (Khách sạn này thoải mái hơn khách sạn kia.)

        a) more comfortable      b) the most comfortable      c) comfortable      d) most comfortable      

  • 19/ My bag is ______ than yours. (Túi của tôi to hơn của bạn.)

        a) big      b) biggest      c) bigger      d) the biggest      

  • 20/ Today is ______ than yesterday. (Hôm nay lạnh hơn hôm qua.)

        a) coldest      b) the coldest      c) cold      d) colder      

  • 21/ This is the ______ song I’ve ever heard. (Đây là bài hát hay nhất tôi từng nghe.)

        a) beautiful      b) most beautiful      c) the most beautiful      d) more beautiful      

  • 22/ Mount Everest is the ______ mountain in the world. (Đỉnh Everest là ngọn núi cao nhất thế giới.)

        a) the highest      b) highest      c) high      d) higher      

  • 23/ December is the ______ month of the year. (Tháng 12 là tháng lạnh nhất trong năm.)

        a) colder      b) cold      c) coldest      d) the coldest      

  • 24/ This is the ______ restaurant in town. (Đây là nhà hàng tuyệt nhất trong thị trấn.)

        a) best      b) better      c) the best      d) good      

  • 25/ She is the ______ student in her class. (Cô ấy là học sinh thông minh nhất lớp.)

        a) the most intelligent      b) most intelligent      c) intelligent      d) more intelligent      

  • 26/ It’s the ______ day of my life. (Hôm nay là ngày hạnh phúc nhất đời tôi.)

        a) the happiest      b) happier      c) happiest      d) happy      

  • 27/ That’s the ______ building in our city. (Đó là tòa nhà cao nhất thành phố chúng ta.)

        a) tall      b) taller      c) the tallest      d) tallest      

  • 28/ This book is the ______ of all. (Cuốn sách này là cuốn thú vị nhất.)

        a) most interesting      b) interesting      c) the most interesting      d) more interesting      

  • 29/ This is the ______ way to get there. (Đây là cách dễ nhất để đến đó.)

        a) easy      b) easier      c) easiest      d) the easiest      

  • 30/ He is the ______ boy in the team. (Cậu ấy là cậu bé khỏe nhất đội.)

        a) stronger      b) strong      c) the strongest      d) strongest      

  • 31/ My house is as ______ as yours. (Nhà tớ to bằng nhà cậu.)

        a) biggest      b) bigger      c) more big      d) big      

  • 32/ She is as ______ as her sister. (Cô ấy xinh đẹp như em gái cậu ấy.)

        a) most beautiful      b) beautifully      c) more beautiful      d) beautiful      

  • 33/ Today isn’t as ______ as yesterday. (Hôm nay không lạnh bằng hôm qua.)

        a) cold      b) colder      c) coldest      d) the coldest      

  • 34/ This exam is as ______ as the last one. (Bài kiểm tra này dễ như bài kiểm tra trước.)

        a) more easy      b) easiest      c) easy      d) easier      

  • 35/ Your handwriting is as ______ as mine. (Chữ cậu đẹp như tớ.)

        a) better      b) good      c) the best      d) best      

  • 36/ This street is as ______ as the next one. (Con phố này dài bằng con phố bên cạnh.)

        a) longest      b) long      c) longer      d) the longest      

  • 37/ My bag isn’t as ______ as yours. (Cặp của tớ không nặng bằng cặp của cậu.)

        a) the heaviest      b) heavier      c) heaviest      d) heavy      

  • 38/ He is as ______ as his brother. (Cậu ấy cao bằng anh trai cậu ấy.)

        a) tallest      b) the tallest      c) tall      d) taller      

  • 39/ This book isn’t as ______ as that one. (Cuốn sách này không thú vị bằng cuốn kia.)

        a) the most interesting      b) interesting      c) most interesting      d) more interesting      

  • 40/ Our house is as ______ as their house. (Nhà tớ sạch sẽ như nhà họ.)

        a) more clean      b) clean      c) cleaner      d) cleanest      

  • 41/ This problem is ______ than the last one. (Bài toán này khó hơn bài toán trước.)

        a) difficult      b) most difficult      c) the most difficult      d) more difficult      

  • 42/ She is the ______ girl in our class. (Cô ấy là cô gái xinh nhất lớp.)

        a) pretty      b) prettier      c) prettiest      d) the prettiest      

  • 43/ Today is ______ than yesterday but not as ______ as last week. (Hôm nay lạnh hơn hôm qua nhưng không lạnh bằng tuần trước.)

        a) colder      b) colder      c) cold      d) cold      e) colder      f) cold       cold       coldest      

  • 44/ My car is ______ than yours but not as ______ as his. (Xe của tôi nhanh hơn xe của bạn nhưng không nhanh bằng xe của anh ấy.)

        a) fast      b) faster      c) fast      d) fast      e) faster      f) faster       faster       fast      

  • 45/ That hotel is the ______ one in the city. (Khách sạn đó là khách sạn đắt nhất thành phố.)

        a) the most expensive      b) most expensive      c) expensive      d) more expensive      

  • 46/ Her English is ______ than mine. (Tiếng Anh của cô ấy tốt hơn tiếng Anh của tôi.)

        a) the best      b) best      c) good      d) better      

  • 47/ This restaurant is ______ than that one. (Nhà hàng này còn tệ hơn nhà hàng kia.)

        a) bad      b) worse      c) the worst      d) worst      

  • 48/ That was the ______ day of my life. (Đó là ngày tồi tệ nhất trong đời tôi.)

        a) worst      b) bad      c) the worst      d) worse      

  • 49/ My dog is ______ than my cat. (Chó của tôi thân thiện hơn mèo của tôi.)

        a) most friendly      b) the most friendly      c) friendly      d) friendlier      

  • 50/ Summer is ______ than winter but ______ than spring. (Mùa hè mát hơn mùa đông nhưng mát hơn mùa xuân.)

        a) cooler      b) hotter      c) colder      d) hot      e) hot      f) cooler       cold       hotter      

Results:
1 b)2 d)3 a)4 c)5 b)6 b)7 c)8 b)9 d)10 d)
11 a)12 c)13 c)14 d)15 d)16 a)17 a)18 a)19 c)20 d)
21 c)22 a)23 d)24 c)25 a)26 a)27 c)28 c)29 d)30 c)
31 d)32 d)33 a)34 c)35 b)36 b)37 d)38 c)39 b)40 b)
41 d)42 d)43 44 a)45 a)46 d)47 b)48 c)49 d)50 a)