1) Nguyên nhân – Kết quả
- because (bởi vì): She stayed home because she was sick.
- since (vì, do): Since you’re here, let’s start.
- as (vì, do): As it was late, we went home.
- now that (giờ thì, bởi vì bây giờ): Now that he’s retired, he can travel.
Bộ FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so – nối hai thành phần ngang hàng.
| Liên từ | Nghĩa | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| and | và | I like tea and coffee. |
| but | nhưng | He is poor, but happy. |
| or | hoặc | Would you like tea or coffee? |
| so | nên, vì thế | It rained, so we stayed home. |
| for | vì | We left early, for it was late. |
| nor | cũng không | He doesn’t eat meat, nor does he drink milk. |
| yet | nhưng mà (tương phản) | She is small, yet strong. |
Nối mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề chính, biểu thị quan hệ ý nghĩa.
Lưu ý đảo ngữ với “Not only” đầu câu: Not only + trợ động từ + S + V, but also ...
Ví dụ: Not only did he study hard, but he also passed the exam.
| Nhóm nghĩa | Liên từ tiêu biểu | Ví dụ ngắn |
|---|---|---|
| Nguyên nhân | because, since, as, now that | We stayed in because it rained. |
| Kết quả | so; therefore; so...that; such...that | It was cold, so we left. |
| Mục đích | so that, in order that | Speak slowly so that he understands. |
| Thời gian | when, while, before, after, until, as soon as, once | Call me when you arrive. |
| Điều kiện | if, unless, provided (that), as long as, in case, even if | If it rains, we’ll stay in. |
| Tương phản | although, even though, whereas, while | Although tired, he worked. |
| Đẳng lập | for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so | Tea or coffee? |
| Tương quan | both…and; either…or; neither…nor; not only…but also; whether…or | Both A and B. |
| 1 a) | 2 c) | 3 d) | 4 a) | 5 a) | 6 a) | 7 c) | 8 c) | 9 d) | 10 a) |
| 11 a) | 12 d) | 13 c) | 14 c) | 15 a) | 16 b) | 17 d) | 18 d) | 19 d) | 20 c) |
| 21 c) | 22 c) | 23 b) | 24 d) | 25 b) | 26 d) | 27 c) | 28 b) | 29 a) | 30 d) |
| 31 a) | 32 f) | 33 d) | 34 c) | 35 | 36 b) | 37 c) | 38 d) | 39 d) | 40 |
| 41 a) | 42 c) | 43 b) | 44 c) | 45 a) | 46 a) | 47 b) | 48 b) | 49 a) | 50 a) |
| 51 d) | 52 c) | 53 b) | 54 b) | 55 a) | 56 a) | 57 d) | 58 d) | 59 d) | 60 b) |
| 61 | 62 f) | 63 c) | 64 | 65 c) | 66 f) | 67 e) | 68 | 69 a) | 70 f) |
| 71 a) | 72 a) | 73 d) | 74 c) | 75 | 76 e) | 77 c) | 78 d) | 79 c) | 80 a) |