Reported Speech (Câu tường thuật) là cách thuật lại lời nói của người khác mà không nhắc nguyên văn (Direct Speech). 👉 Khi tường thuật, ta thường lùi thì (backshift) và thay đổi đại từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian & nơi chốn cho phù hợp.
Ví dụ:
Direct: She said, “I am tired.”
Reported: She said she was tired.
| Loại câu | Cấu trúc | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| Câu khẳng định | S + said (that) + S + V (lùi thì) | He said (that) he was busy. |
| Câu hỏi Yes/No | S + asked + if / whether + S + V (lùi thì) | She asked if I wanted some coffee. |
| Câu hỏi WH- | S + asked + WH-word + S + V (lùi thì) | He asked where I lived. |
| Câu mệnh lệnh / yêu cầu | S + told / asked + O + (not) + to + V | He told me to sit down. She asked me not to be late. |
Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ (said, told, asked...), động từ trong mệnh đề được lùi lại một thì:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| am / is / are → | was / were |
| V (hiện tại đơn) → | V₂ (quá khứ đơn) |
| V₂ / V-ed → | had + V₃ |
| will → | would |
| can → | could |
| may → | might |
| must → | had to |
📘 Ví dụ:
Direct: “I am tired.” → Reported: She said she was tired.
Direct: “We will go tomorrow.” → Reported: They said they would go the next day.
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| now | then |
| ago | before |
| this / these | that / those |
| here | there |
| next week | the following week |
| last year | the previous year |
| Loại câu | Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|---|
| Statement | “I work here.” | He said he worked there. |
| Yes/No Question | “Do you like tea?” | She asked if I liked tea. |
| WH- Question | “Where are you from?” | He asked where I was from. |
| Command | “Open the window!” | He told me to open the window. |
| Negative Command | “Don’t talk!” | She told me not to talk. |
📘 Tổng kết:
✅ Lùi thì đúng.
✅ Đổi đại từ và trạng từ thời gian.
✅ Không dùng dấu ngoặc kép.
✅ Dùng cấu trúc phù hợp với loại câu (statement / question / command).
| 1 b) | 2 a) | 3 b) | 4 a) | 5 c) | 6 d) | 7 a) | 8 d) | 9 b) | 10 c) |
| 11 a) | 12 a) | 13 c) | 14 b) | 15 d) | 16 b) | 17 a) | 18 d) | 19 b) | 20 c) |
| 21 b) | 22 a) | 23 c) | 24 a) | 25 b) | 26 a) | 27 d) | 28 c) | 29 b) | 30 b) |
| 31 c) | 32 a) | 33 a) | 34 a) | 35 c) | 36 d) | 37 d) | 38 a) | 39 c) | 40 a) |
| 41 a) | 42 c) | 43 d) | 44 a) | 45 a) | 46 b) | 47 d) | 48 b) | 49 c) | 50 b) |